![]() ![]() Image: Ossip van Duivenbode, courtesy Mecanoo. On its southeast side, the connection with the landscape along the sloped garden is enhanced by enclosing two voids with a curtain wall system. According to the design team, the structure adapts to its natural, sloping surroundings. ![]() The roof comes together through two overlapping shapes: a gable roof and a horizontal roofline. Image: Ossip van Duivenbode, courtesy Mecanoo.Ĭalled Villa BW, it spans three floors, with an additional level within the hood of the roof. Each ridge ends with 10 beasts: an immortal riding a phoenix, followed by a dragon (龙 lóng), a phoenix (凤 fèng), a lion (狮子 shīzi), a heavenly horse (天马 tiānmǎ), an auspicious seahorse (海马 hǎimǎ), a mythical lion (狻猊 suānní), a wind-and-storm-summoning fish (狎鱼 xiáyú), a courageous goat (獬豸 xièzhì), an evil-dispelling bull (斗牛 dòuniú), and an immortal guardian (行什 hángshí).Mecanoo has designed a distinctive residence with a striking double-curved roof and ceramic tile-covered façade in Schoorl, a village in northern Holland. The Hall of Supreme Harmony has the most ridge beasts of any building. As the grade of a building reduced, the ridge beasts decreased accordingly. The size and number of ridge beasts symbolized the rank and luxuriousness of the building. ![]() Ancient Chinese people believed that these mythical ridge beasts on the roofs would prevent fire and drive away demons. They not only played a decorative role, but also highlighted Chinese beliefs. These ridge beasts were called 'crouching beasts' in Chinese and most of them were from Chinese fairy tales. It was a very simple style with two slopes facing front and back.Ĭonsidered a low-grade roof style in China, in the Ming and Qing dynasties hard hill roofs were mostly used in common buildings.Ī row of mythical animal figures was placed on the tails of the ridges at the four corners. Hard hill roofs (硬山顶 yìngshāndǐng) had a main ridge and raised sloping ridges on the gable walls. The most obvious feature is eaves overhanging the gable walls by three-tenths of the wall height. They were one of the most frequently used roof designs for more well-to-do premises in China. They were third grade roofs, after hip roofs and resting mountain roofs. Hanging hill roofs (悬山顶 xuánshāndǐng) have two straight, overhanging slopes. The Hall of Preserving Harmony in the Forbidden City has a resting mountain roof with double eaves. There were two styles of Xie Shan roof: mono-eave and double-eave. They were mainly used for important halls, temples, gardens, and other official buildings. ![]() 'Resting hill' or Xie Shan roofs (歇山顶 xiēshāndǐng), with two curving sides, were second in importance to hip roofs. The roof of the Hall of Supreme Harmony in the Forbidden City is the best example. Double eaves were only used in royal palaces and Confucian temples during the Ming (1368–1644) and Qing (1644–1912) dynasties. There were two kinds of hip roof: single-eave and double-eave. Hip roofs (庑殿顶 wǔdiàndǐng or 四阿顶 sìādǐng), with all sides sloping, were the classiest traditional roof style, used for special constructions. Here are the four main types in order of hierachy. Different roof forms were used for different types of buildings. There were many kinds of roofs in ancient Chinese architecture. For example, hip roofs could only be used for imperial palaces and temples during the Ming and Qing dynasties, and glazed semicircular tiles (usually yellow) were mainly used for imperial palaces and temples. Roofs had to meet institutional requirements. Hip roofs were mainly used for imperial palaces resting hill roofs were used for official buildings, hanging hill roofs for better-off premises, and hard hill roofs for civil buildings. Roof architecture showed different levels of importance for buildings. ![]()
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